Future heat pump for small and medium sized district heating using CO2 and mixtures as refrigerant (CO2MIX4Heat)

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  1. Danish Technological Institute
  2. CO2MIX4Heat
Jóhannes Kristófersson

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Varmepumpe

Future heat pump for small and medium sized district heating using CO2 and mixtures as refrigerant (CO2MIX4Heat)

Project start January 2021. Expected completion date December 2023.

Purpose of project
In this project, we will develop a super-efficient and price competitive, dedicated CO2 heat pump with air as heat source. It will be a factory built and mass-produced plug and play solution. Furthermore, it will be investigated how mixtures of natural refrigerants can be used to reach an even higher efficiency than possible for CO2 alone.

Objectives
This project aims at helping small and medium sized district heating companies in establishing CO2 neutral heat production, with energy efficient technology, by developing two heat pump solutions.

The first solution is a super-efficient and price competitive, dedicated CO2 heat pump with air as heat source. It will be a factory built and mass-produced plug and play solution. The heat pump will use non-toxic and environmentally friendly CO2 as refrigerant.

The second solution is with zeotropic mixtures of natural refrigerants to reach even higher efficiency than possible for CO2 alone.

For both solutions, an air-cooled fin and tube evaporators will be developed. This includes looking at defrosting, fin spacing and optimizing the efficiency.

In the project two functional test rigs and one demonstration unit will be built. One of the research test unit is aimed at CO2 as a refrigerant and the other at zeotropic mixtures.

The most optimal CO2 heat pump design found through research will be upscaled to a demonstration unit and installed at a selected district heating company.

Activities

The project is divided into the following phases:

  • Knowledge gathering
  • Research on new system design
  • CO2 control systems and communication with SCADA
  • Customization and commercial targets
  • Functional analysis
  • Functional analysis of CO2 system at district heating site
  • Dissemination.

Participants

  • Danish Technological Institute (Project manager – Jóhannes Kristófersson)
  • Danfoss
  • Fenagy
  • Guentner
  • Aarhus University
  • Dansk Fjernvarme
  • Vahterus.

Funding
The project is funded by EUDP.

Foto
Jens Peter Engdal.